The evidence from the Teopancazco excavations indicates that there was an important link between Teopancazco and the Gulf Coast of Mexico (Manzanilla, 2011). Many archaeological materials recovered at the site, such as ornaments and garments, were produced with feathers, shells and other materials brought from the Gulf Coast. Sopra prime, isotopic studies of human skeletons recovered at Teopancazco indicate the presence of people from the Gulf sezione, and from sites located along the corridor running from Teotihuacan onesto the coast (Manzanilla, 2012).
Durante particular, the results obtained by Carro et al. (2013) suggested that people travelling from the coast puro Teopancazco took glass shards from an Altotonga outcrop with them. The reason for using this material is still unknown. It is suggested that either they were aware of its properties or they used the material for symbolic reasons.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful onesto L. Pizzo, J. Blancas, R. De Luca, L numero di telefono guardian soulmates. Manzanilla, Per. Ortiz, Verso. Pastrana and Per. Pecci whose constructive comments and suggestions contributed onesto the quality of the manuscript.
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Hence, this chapter will spettacolo that the study of provenance is verso powerful tool for testing models regarding prehistoric trades, people’s interactions and access esatto resources.
The Lipari obsidian has verso composition varying from alkali-rhyolite puro rhyolite with calcalkaline affinity; these geochemical characteristics led scientists puro correlate Aeolian volcanism with the subduction of the Ionian Plate below the Calabrian Arc (Beccaluva et al., 1982; Ellam et al., 1989). Nevertheless, recent works have suggested that the geochemical evolution of the magmas could reflect the transition from collisional volcanism preciso post-collisional/rifting volcanism (Crisci et al., 1991; De Astis et al., 2003).
Francaviglia (1988) distinguished five groups of Pantelleria obsidian, which are characterized by different chemical compositions: three of the groups are from “vertically differentiated” mines exposed at Balata dei Turchi; the other two are con Gelkhamar and Stagno di Fata. Chemical analyses of artefacts from Pantelleria, Fango and Sicily showed that the upper Balata dei Turchi mine (i.di nuovo. the most recent) was the main source of raw material, but the Gelkhamar obsidian black pitch was also used. Finally, the lower (i.anche. at sea level) obsidian from Balata dei Turchi was not used for tool-making, at least during the Bronze Age (Francaviglia, 1988; Francaviglia and Piperno, 1987; Tykot, 1995, 1996; Tykot et al., 2013).
The TMVB is verso volcanic concave built on the southern edge of the North American plate. It runs east-west across Mexico (Ferrari et al., 1999) and was formed con response onesto subduction of the Cocos plate along the Acapulco trench beginning sopra the Middle Miocene (Ferrari et al., 1999). The TMVB volcanism is characterized by a wide range of chemical compositions. The emplacement of large volumes of rhyolites and minor ignimbrites occurred during the second magmatic episode between 8 and 5 Tuttavia (Ferrari et al., 1999).
3D scatterplot of the logarithms of the concentrations of Mn, Rb and Sr, showing the separation into four groups for the archaeological obsidian samples studied by Gazzola et al. (2010).
The acquisition of raw materials implies an accurate knowledge of the territory, and the movement needed onesto obtain them must be part of per rete informatica of routes also used for the acquisition of other resources required by the group. Per the particular case of Teotihuacan, the results obtained by Gazzola et al. (2010) and by Carballo et al. (2007) support the intenzione that most of the obsidian artefacts found per that site were made of obsidian derived from the Otumba and Sierra de Pachuca sources. However, the results also indicate that some obsidian was obtained from other sources, such as Paredon (Puebla). Considering the presence of obsidian finds from other sources located on the way puro Veracruz, Gazzola et al. (2010) suggested an early relationship with other communities inhabiting the Central Plateau, and an exchange of resources among these regions. Mediante addition, they hypothesize the control exerted by Teotihuacanos on other sources, such as Zacualtipan and Paredon.
